Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Africa. Show all posts

Wednesday, 3 June 2015

Africa Day 2015, May 25

Africa Day, May 25.

Theme 2015 “Women’s Empowerment and Development towards Africa’s Agenda 2063” 




Message of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Dr. Nkosazana C Dlamini-Zuma, on the Occasion of the 52nd Africa Day Addis Ababa, 25 May 2015.


Fellow Africans on the Continent and in the Diaspora 

Our Friends and Partners across the world 

On this, the fifty-second occasion of us marking the birth of our beloved continental body, I have the singular honour to wish all of you a happy and fulfilling Africa Day.This year’s celebration comes at the time when the African Union is celebrating 13 years since its transformation from the Organization of African Unity. We have indeed transformed the organisation from one pursuing the struggle to liberate the continent and safeguard the independence of African States to one that facilitates work for a united, prosperous and peaceful Africa. 

This year’s theme which is: “Women’s Empowerment and Development towards Africa’s Agenda 2063” is a recognition of centuries of African women and women from the Diaspora to the struggles against slavery, racial and gender discrimination, and for the emancipation of our continent and African men and women everywhere. 

Women and girls continue to play critical roles – paid and unpaid – in their families, communities, countries and regions, that directly impact on economies and societies.

 Despite the constraints that they continue to face, we have made strides, as a result of different waves of struggles by the women’s movements. Since the historic Beijing Conference twenty years ago, and the recognition of women’s rights as human rights, we have seen progress on women’s representation, in the advancement of reproductive rights, on equal pay for equal work, on access to education and basic services. 

At the same time, it is estimated that if real change happens at the same, it will take us 80 years before reaching full gender parity. This is simply not good enough. It will mean that our efforts to reverse the curse of underdevelopment and conflicts must wait another 80 years to come to fruition. It also means that Africa will also continue to use less than half of its talents, skills and potentials.

 To address these constraints, we crisscrossed the continent and solicited the inputs of all sectors, spheres and levels of society. Our only question was … What Africa do YOU want to see by 2063. Agenda 2063 is the resulting mandate from the people of Africa here and in the diaspora. Agenda 2063 is an intergenerational mission, an inclusive African strategy to use Africa’s resources for the benefit of all Africans. 

Our Africa Day celebration is therefore facilitating and celebrating African narratives of the past, present and future that will enthuse and energize the African population and use their constructive energy to accelerate a forward looking agenda of Pan-Africanism and African Renaissance in the 21st century. 

We mark this Africa Day with much optimism. Africa has answered the clarion call to shape its own agenda… for the people by the people. 

Fellow Africans, 

We also mark this Africa Day with several blemishes. 

These have included the conflicts that continue to bedevil our beloved continent as is the case, at the moment, in Burundi, Central African Republic, Somalia, South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo as well as other Member States.

 The recent Xenophobic attacks in the coastal city of Durban and in the economic hub of Johannesburg, is also one such blemish.We take this opportunity to reiterate our condemnation of the unacceptable acts of violence that affected our brothers and sisters. 

No matter what the circumstances, such actions cannot be justified. No matter the frustrations, the loss of even a single life cannot be condoned. We also wish to applaud the swift action taken by the South African Government and its citizenry in response to these acts of violence, which also resulted in the loss of life and livelihood. 

It has been said that one of the major causes for such incidents as witnessed in South Africa and elsewhere are the challenges presented by poverty and inequality. These are often characterised by the poor fighting the poor over limited and sometimes scarce resources. These incidents also underscore the urgent need for all of us to give urgent attention to issues related to migration and human trafficking. We must address the very circumstances that lead our nationals to leave our shores for better opportunities in other parts of the continent and the world. To this effect, I take this opportunity to also extend our heartfelt condolences to the families of the 800 African brothers and sisters who recently lost their lives on the North Coast of our continent.

 That incident is also a painful reminder that we must urgently deal with the growth and integration of our continent. 

Never and never again must such acts and incidents be witnessed on our continent.  In realising Africa’s development, human development is also not negotiable. The pockets of instability and conflict, which have sometimes resulted in loss of life and livelihood, bear testament to that fact. We cannot afford to continue on a trajectory that excludes and is inequitable. 

In order to facilitate for inclusive and sustainable growth we must translate Agenda 2063 into our national plans so that we can facilitate for priority areas such as integration, youth and women’s empowerment, job creation, energy, and infrastructure development. In translating Agenda 2063 we will need accelerated action towards an equitable growth path, which prioritises the people and connectivity. We must realise key urgent projects that connect us including road, rail, aviation, marine transport, telecommunications, as well as industrialisation and manufacturing. 

Our pursuit for accelerating our equitable economic growth path will also place greater pressure on our traditional and mainstream energy sectors, consequently we will begin to seriously implement key projects in the renewable energy sector, which include hydro and wind energy. In accelerating connectivity we will pay greater attention to the promotion of the Continental Free Trade Area. 

It is in seeking to accelerate implementation of these (and other) priorities and programmes that we will convene the Africa Economic Platform, in the latter part of this year. The Platform will pursue continental synergy and will bring together Africa’s captains of industry, academics, governments and activists. Only through working together can we facilitate for Africa’s unity, shared prosperity and lasting peace. 

Africa…. One people.
One Destiny  Long live Africa and her Diaspora! 
Long live African solidarity and unity! 
I thank you and happy Africa Day!!

Make Peace Happen!


 FORUM : Africa Day - 25 May

RESOURCES : African Union in Action

Thursday, 29 May 2014

Africa Day 2014, May 25th.

  The theme for Africa Day 2014  focuses on agriculture and food security.

 


Transformation, growth, dynamism, progress and partnership: these concepts are central to the African Union’s narrative as it embarks on the second half of its first centennial. I am confident that the AU’s vision, “Agenda 2063,” can succeed.

Agriculture and food security – the theme of this year’s Africa Day – will be critical. More countries are investing in agriculture, while donors have pledged to increase funding and technical assistance.  I am especially alarmed by the high risk of famine in South Sudan, where the lack of a genuine cessation of hostilities may cause farmers to miss the planting season.

My Zero Hunger Challenge initiative aims to scale up efforts to eliminate hunger through sustainable agriculture and food systems. The observance of 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming aims to mobilize support for smallholder farmers, especially women, who contribute so much to Africa’s food security.
At the same time, we must do more to unleash the full potential of Africa’s agricultural sector, which employs two out of every three Africans. By processing commodities and using other means to add value, we can help develop rural areas, create jobs and empower people while ensuring food security.
I encourage Africa’s leaders and their partners to advance these aims. The United Nations will continue to accelerate our push to reach the Millennium Development Goals and to ensure that Africa’s priorities, as expressed in the Common African Position, are reflected in the post-2015 development agenda.
I also call on Africa’s leaders to participate in the Climate Summit I will convene in September to galvanize action toward a meaningful new climate agreement. Africa is among the regions most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, and I fully support the continent’s leaders as they engage on this critical issue.
Africa Day is also a moment to reaffirm commitment to the continent’s women and young people. I express my solidarity with the families of the kidnapped schoolgirls in Borno State, Nigeria, along with the country’s Government and people, and pledge to work for their safe return.

Africa is achieving admirable growth, but social and economic inequalities are on the increase. Greater equity presents a common challenge to the continent as a whole and can help foster peace and stability. Conflict prevention and the peaceful settlement of disputes through dialogue and mediation are critical to realizing the goal to end all wars in Africa by 2020.


The United Nations will maintain a strong partnership with the African Union as we pursue peace, sustainable development, democracy and human rights. On this Africa Day, let us pledge to continue standing with the people and leaders of Africa as they advance on a path to a more peaceful, prosperous and sustainable future.

 

On Africa Day, Ban urges leveraging continent's potential for the good of all people

A woman farmer in Ganta, Liberia. Photo: UNMIL/Christophe Herwig


 
25 May 2014 – The world must do more to unleash Africa's full potential in agriculture, United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon today said while also urging the continent's leaders and development partners to combat growing social and economic inequalities.
“Greater equity presents a common challenge to the continent as a whole and can help foster peace and stability,” Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said in his message to mark Africa Day, which commemorates the founding in 1963 of the Organization of African Unity, now known as the African Union (AU).
“Transformation, growth, dynamism, progress and partnership” are central to the AU's narrative, Mr. Ban said, pledging the UN's continued cooperation on partnerships to pursue peace, sustainable development, democracy and human rights.

Highlighting this year's theme for Africa Day, which focuses on agriculture and food security, Mr. Ban noted that two out of three people on the continent are employed by the agricultural sector even as hunger persists in various countries.

With an average annual GDP increase of 4.8 per cent between 2000 and 2010, up from 2.1 per cent in the previous decade, Africa has seven out of the top 10 fastest growing economies in the world. The agriculture sector, in particular, has progressed considerably, with the intensification of staple food production.
“By processing commodities and using other means to add value, we can help develop rural areas, create jobs and empower people while ensuring food security,” said Mr. Ban, whose 'Zero Hunger Challenge' aims for a future where every individual has adequate nutrition.

First proposed at the 2012 UN Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the Zero Hunger Challenge aims to scale up efforts to eliminate hunger through sustainable agriculture and food systems.
Its five objectives are to make sure that everyone in the world has access to enough nutritious food all year long; to end childhood stunting; to build sustainable food systems; to double the productivity and income of smallholder farmers, especially women; and to prevent food from being lost or wasted.
This year's commemoration of the Day also falls amid observances of the ongoing International Year of Family Farming, which aims to mobilize support for smallholder farmers, particularly women.
In his message, Mr. Ban also urged African leader to participate in his Climate Summit this September noting that the continent is among “the regions most vulnerable” to climate change.

Ending Conflicts ... sustaining Peace


 Celebrating the AU PSC 10th anniversary and reflecting on 10 years of changing the world


 Africa has opted to become a conflict-free continent in line with the 50th Anniversary Solemn Declaration. The PSC, as the locomotive for the realization of this noble vision, should play a leading role.

The PSC now needs the PSC to graduate from his role of "fire brigade" to one of prevention.

The 10th anniversary is a major occasion for self-introspection of the PSC, to draw lessons from its ten years of operation at the service of Africa.

One key point that we have to master is that, over the next ten years, the prime focus of the Council for achieving peace and security in Africa will be to focus on prevention, prevention.. and yes again.. prevention.

The Peace and Security Department has released its free Hybrid Mobile App for your SmartPhones and Tablets.
Stay up to date with the latest news and events, browse the historical timeline, play the educative quiz and post your results on the leaderboard,learn about the APSA, Participate to the discussion for the 2020 Silencing the guns countdown.
This innovative App is designed to work on a range of mobile devices and screen sizes.



Join the Forum Africa Day - 25 May




News Tracker: past stories on this issue

Saturday, 22 June 2013

World Economic Situation and Prospects as of mid-2013

Global economic activity is projected to slowly gain momentum, but growth will continue to be below potential and employment gains will remain weak, says the UN report, launched today. It notes that since late 2012, new policy initiatives in major developed economies have reduced systemic risks and helped stabilize consumer, business and investor confidence, but with very limited improvement on economic growth.

World Economic Situation and Prospects as of mid-2013





Regional press releases:

 World Economic Situation and Prospects : Regional Outlook for Developed Economies, Mr. Clive Altshuler, Economic Affairs Officer UN DESA


Global outlook : Department of Economic and Social Affairs at the United Nations.




Global Economy Risks Falling into Renewed Recession - WESP 2013

Developed economies outlook 


"We have identified three major economic risks," said Pingfan Hong, Director of the Global Economic Monitoring Unit of DESA's Development Policy and Analysis Division, as the World Economic Outlook for 2013 was revealed on 18 December 2012. Mr. Hong pointed to the deterioration of the euro crisis, the US fiscal cliff and a possible hard landing for some large developing countries.

"To mitigate these risks, policymakers worldwide are greatly challenged," underscored Mr. Hong, also describing how the world economy is still struggling to recover five years after the eruption of the global financial crisis.

The first chapter of the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2013 (WESP) just launched, outlines that growth of the world economy has weakened considerably during 2012 and is expected to remain restrained in the coming two years. "A number of developed economies in Europe and Japan have already fallen into a double-dip recession," explained Mr. Hong.

The report also predicts that global economy is expected to grow at 2.4 per cent in 2013 and 3.2 per cent in 2014, a significant downgrade from the forecast six months ago. This growth pace will not be enough to overcome the continued jobs crisis faced by many countries. With existing policies and growth trends, it may take at least another five years for Europe and the United States to make up for the job losses caused by the Great Recession of 2008-2009.
World Economic Situation and Prospects : Regional Outlook for Developing Economies
Mr. Ingo Pitterle, Economic Affairs Officer UN DESA


  Developing Economies Outlook
  



World Economic Situation and Prospects: Regional Outlook for Economies in Transition 
Mr. Grigor Agabekian, Economic Affairs Officer UN DESA

 Economies in transition outlook 

Tuesday, 20 December 2011

2011: testing to the limit the capacity for international solidarity

For International Human Solidarity Day, Tuesday 20 December 2011
______________________
2011: testing to the limit the capacity for international solidarity

Message by the United Nations Independent Expert on Human Rights and InternationalSolidarity, Virginia Dandan, to mark the International Human Solidarity Day, 20 December 2011.


GENEVA (20 November 2011) – This year, we witnessed staggering events in various parts of the world, the likes of which we have never seen before. Extreme weather patterns caused unprecedented devastation, from widespread floods in Central and South America and the South and Southeast Asian countries, to
droughts and famine in the Horn of Africa, and the tsunami and nuclear crisis in Japan. These events—together with the social unrest and political upheavals that continue to spread worldwide, and the financial turmoil within the Eurozone and other rich countries—have all tested the capacity of the international community to come together to help one another.

We have witnessed how disasters—natural or man-made—affect the poor and the rich alike. And we have also witnessed how solidarity has brought people together, across nationalities, and social and cultural differences, to address the threats they must face, and to respond with a sense of oneness, drawing strength from each other to express their common humanity. This belies the criticism that solidarity is mere rhetoric and demonstrates that solidarity is not about charity.

International Human Solidarity Day this year resounds with an urgent call for everyone of us to work together as members of the international community to confront the realities and dangers of the present, so that we can shape a future, founded upon the same fundamental common human values which created the United Nations—peace and security, human rights and development.

Our common future is at risk and our common present is under grave threat and yet, world leaders continue the illusion that the crowds and their loud clamor for justice and fair distribution of resources, will eventually tire and go away in due time. Their level of indifference leads them to believe that poverty, inequality, the
disempowerment of women, and youth unemployment will be miraculously solved by sheer economic growth. Their shortsightedness comes with the inability to see the chain that links together climate change, food crises, water scarcity, energy shortages, population pressure and displacement.

Global challenges require multilateral global responses. Efforts undertaken in isolation no longer work in the enormity and expanse of the problems involved. These challenges also require a change of mindset in the way decisions are made, and how actions are taken, to recover and rediscover the time-honoured common values of humanity such as solidarity, which are the vanguards in the boundary between order and chaos. Solidarity should, and must be a positive force in the lives of people and of nations, and must therefore be protected from exploitation and corruption.

On the eve of the Durban Climate Change Conference I called for ‘preventive solidarity’ on the part of the international community, and for action to be taken together, in unison, and as one, in order to make progress in the negotiations and to prepare the world to better respond to the greatest challenge of humankind. The adoption of the Global Green Fund is welcome and is indeed a shining example of solidarity among nations. However, an even stronger solidarity is required to translate this decision into meaningful action to help the
nations that are the most vulnerable and hardest hit by the impacts of climate change. These nations are already overburdened, and many of them are also conflict-prone.

The upcoming United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development is an opportunity for reason, sense and cooperation to prevail, bearing in mind that climate change is an urgent problem for today, and not just for the future. After two decades of debating and intellectualizing, we have now reached a point where we must finally give practical meaning to, and implementation of, the sustainable development agenda. We must strive for a socially resilient, more equal and more inclusive world community, and the vehicle that will bring us
towards that goal is international solidarity.

Virginia Dandan was appointed Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity in June 2011 by the United Nations Human Rights Council. She is independent from any government or organisation.

Learn more about the mandate and work of the Independent Expert, visit:
http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Solidarity/Pages/IESolidarityIndex.aspx
For further information and media requests, please contact:
Xabier Celaya (+ 41 22 917 9383 / xcelaya@ohchr.org).

UN Human Rights, follow us on social media:
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unitednationshumanrights
Twitter: http://twitter.com/UNrightswire
YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/UNOHCHR

Thursday, 13 October 2011

International Day for Disaster Reduction - 13 October

66.5 million children are affected annually by disasters. Because it is difficult for them to cope with unexpected and painful interruptions to their lives, they are often more affected than adults. Victims of disaster and climate change, children and young people can and should be encouraged to participate in disaster reduction and decision making.




Chair’s summary third session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction and the World Reconstruction Conference

 
This summary provides the Chair’s assessment of the main points of the deliberations at the Third Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction held in Geneva, Switzerland from 8-13 May 2011.

The Chair`s Summary reflects interventions at the Joint Outcomes Session of the Global Platform on 13 May and subsequent comments on the draft which was open until 23 May. The UNISDR secretariat has endeavoured to reflect most of the comments while at the same time respecting the need to keep the Summary succinct and action orientated.
Date: 2011
Sources:

Related Links

Keywords

Themes:
Climate Change, Early Warning, Media, Recovery, Risk Identification & Assessment, Urban Risk & Planning, Governance, Economics of DRR, Structural Safety, Vulnerable Populations

Disaster through a different lens: behind every effect, there is a cause

Behind every effect, there is a cause:

This manual for the media - compiled by journalists and disaster experts who understand that disaster risk reduction is a civic duty, government responsibility, national obligation and a good story - is for reporters and broadcasters who want to know more about those urgent, terrifying and all-too-often tragic moments when the fabric of national and civic government encounters the forces of nature.

It asserts the importance of the role of newspapers, radio, television and other media in creating awareness and disseminating information about disasters. Reporters, commentators and broadcasters, can do more than just inform and raise awareness about disasters. They can make a real difference in the way people think and act, especially now when climate change is recognized as a major challenge that will aggravate our vulnerability to disasters.

The chapters address:

- What you need to know about disaster risk reduction (DRR)
- Disaster risk reduction in the media
- DRR lessons from four disasters: Indian Ocean tsunami; Mt. Pinatubo, Philippines; Hurricane Katrina, USA; Kashmir earthquake, Pakistan
- Useful information on natural hazards
- Disaster risk reduction resources

The conclusion includes: Annexes on a brief history of the evolution of disaster risk reduction, terminology, and how corruption costs lives; a Bibliography.
Date:
2011
Author(s):
Leoni, Brigitte; Radford, Tim; Schulman, Mark
Pages:
188 p.
Sources:

Keywords

Themes:
Capacity Development, Information Management, Media
Hazards:
Cyclone, Drought, Earthquake, Flood, Land Slide, Tornado, Tsunami, Volcano, Wild Fire
Regions:
Africa, Americas, Europe, Asia, Oceania

Monday, 3 October 2011

International Day of Non-Violence 2 October

United Nations Secretary-General's Message for 2011

We mark this year’s International Day of Non-Violence in a world dramatically altered since our last commemoration. The powerful engine behind that wave of change – beginning in Tunisia and then spreading across North Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere – was none other than a non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights.
The individuals – many of them youth – at the helm and heart of these movements toppled long-entrenched governments, delivered a rebuke to those who embrace violence, and emboldened other oppressed peoples to think that the path of non-violence might work for them, too.
There is a heavy risk for those who stare down the barrel of a gun armed only with the knowledge that they have right on their side. But courageous individuals who believe in and use non-violence leave oppressors facing what is for them an unpalatable option – crack down harder or negotiate. The former simply reveals the bankruptcy of the systems they are defending; the latter could well set change in motion. This is why non-violence so often confounds those who face it; this is why non-violence is so powerful.
The United Nations Charter clearly champions a peaceful, non-violent approach as the first recourse – utilizing means such as negotiation, mediation, arbitration and judicial settlement.
When the Security Council has sanctioned the use of coercive measures, as was done earlier this year in Libya and Côte d’Ivoire, it was to protect civilians – and then only as a last resort, in the face of violence.
Our non-violent work to build peaceful, stable societies takes many forms – from promoting values and norms to establishing institutions. The rule of law, sustainable development, building and making peace – these are the elements of the UN agenda for non-violent change. We are striving to intervene early, before tensions escalate, and speedily when they do. We are strengthening our strategic partnerships so we can respond more quickly to crises while supporting national institutions for mediation and dialogue.
This International Day coincides with the anniversary of the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi, leader of India’s historic and non-violent movement for independence. His transformative and transcendent approach had deep roots in India’s past. Some two thousand years earlier, Emperor Ashoka renounced recourse to war and devoted himself to the peaceful development of his society. His idea of peace and non-violence extended to the protection of animals and trees – sustainability before its time.
Others around the world have carried this banner, from Chico Mendes in Brazil to the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in the United States, from Nelson Mandela in South Africa to Professor Wangari Maathai in Kenya. All of these leaders inspired global movements in which they were joined by countless others who embraced non-violence as a core value and animating principle.
The timeless power of non-violence, which has accomplished so much in the past year alone, has a vital role to play in all countries, including established democracies. On this International Day, let us re-commit to supporting non-violence. Non-violence is not only an effective tactic; it is a strategy and the ultimate vision. Durable ends such as peace can only come through durable means – non-violence.


Ban Ki-moon  

Monday, 26 September 2011

ENVIRONMENT : Rivers ( Fishing at Victoria Falls)

To avoid the dangerous animals of the Zambezi river Josphat and his brothers have opted for an alternative place to fish where elephants, crocodiles and hippos don’t dare go.

Friday, 16 September 2011

Child Mortality Report 2011

PROGRESS TOWARDS Millennium Development Goal 4:
KEY FACTS AND FIGURES


Only four years remain to achieve Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG 4), which calls for reducing the under-five mortality rate by twothirds between 1990 and 2015. Since 1990 the under-five mortality rate has dropped 35 percent, with every developing region seeing at least a 30 percent reduction. However, at the global level progress is behind schedule, and the target is at risk of being missed by 2015. The global underfive mortality rate needs to be halved from 57 deaths per 1,000 live births to 29—that implies an average rate of reduction of 13.5 percent a year, much higher than the 2.2 percent a year achieved between 1990 and 2010.

Child mortality is a key indicator not only of child health and nutrition but also of the implementation of child survival interventions and, more broadly, of social and economic development. As global momentum and investment for accelerating
child survival grow, monitoring progress at the global and country levels has become even more critical. The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (IGME) updates child mortality estimates annually for monitoring progress. This report presents the IGME’s latest estimates of under-five, infant and neonatal mortality and assesses progress towards MDG 4 at the country, regional and global levels.

Child Mortality Report 2011/ Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation



• Overall, substantial progress has been made towards achieving MDG 4. The
number of under-five deaths worldwide has declined from more than 12 million
in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010. Nearly 21,000 children under five died every day
in 2010—about 12,000 fewer a day than in 1990.

• Since 1990 the global under-five mortality rate has dropped 35 percent—from
88 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 57 in 2010. Northern Africa, Eastern
Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, South-eastern Asia, Western Asia and the developed regions have reduced their under-five mortality rate by 50 percent
or more.

• The rate of decline in under-five mortality has accelerated—from 1.9 percent a year over 1990–2000 to 2.5 percent a year over 2000–2010—but remains insufficient
to reach MDG 4, particularly in Sub- Saharan Africa, Oceania, Caucasus and
Central Asia, and Southern Asia.

• The highest rates of child mortality are still in Sub-Saharan Africa—where 1 in 8
children dies before age 5, more than 17 times the average for developed regions
(1 in 143)—and Southern Asia (1 in 15). As under-five mortality rates have fallen
more sharply elsewhere, the disparity between these two regions and the rest of
the world has grown.

• Under-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the share of the rest of the world dropped from 31 percent in 1990 to 18 percent in 2010.

• In Sub-Saharan Africa the average annual rate of reduction in under-five mortality
has accelerated, doubling from 1990–2000 to 2000–2010. Six of the fourteen best-performing countries are in Sub-Saharan Africa, as are four of the five countries with the largest absolute reductions (more than 100 deaths per 1,000 live
births).

• About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: India, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Pakistan and China. India (22 percent) and Nigeria
(11 percent) together account for a third of all under-five deaths.

• Over 70 percent of under-five deaths occur within the first year of life.

• The proportion of under-five deaths that occur within the first month of life (the neonatal period) has increased about 10 percent since 1990 to more than 40 percent.

• Almost 30 percent of neonatal deaths occur in India. Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest risk of death in the first month of life and has shown the least
progress.

• Globally, the four major killers of children under age 5 are pneumonia (18
percent), diarrhoeal diseases (15 percent), preterm birth complications (12
percent) and birth asphyxia (9 percent). Undernutrition is an underlying cause in
more than a third of under-five deaths. Malaria is still a major killer in Sub-Saharan Africa, causing about 16 percent of under-five deaths.


This report was prepared at UNICEF Headquarters by Danzhen You, Gareth Jones and Tessa Wardlaw on behalf of the United Nations Inter‑agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.Organizations and individuals involved in generating country-specific estimates on child mortality

United Nations Children’s Fund
Danzhen You, Tessa Wardlaw
World Health Organization
Ties Boerma, Colin Mathers, Mie Inoue, Mikkel Oestergaard
The World Bank
Emi Suzuki
United Nations Population Division
Francois Pelletier, Gerhard Heilig, Kirill Andreev, Patrick Gerland, Danan Gu, Nan Li, Cheryl Sawyer, Thomas Spoorenberg
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean Population Division
Dirk Jaspers Faijer, Guiomar Bay, Tim Miller


Special thanks to the Technical Advisory Group of the Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation for providing technical guidance on methods for child mortality estimation

Kenneth Hill (Chair), Harvard University
Michel Guillot, University of Pennsylvania
Leontine Alkema, National University of Singapore
Jon Pedersen, Fafo
Simon Cousens, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Neff Walker, Johns Hopkins University
Trevor Croft, Measure DHS, ICF Macro
John Wilmoth, University of California, Berkeley
Gareth Jones, Consultant

Further thanks go to Priscilla Akwara, Mickey Chopra, Archana Dwivedi, Jimmy Kolker, Richard Morgan, Holly Newby and Ian Pett from UNICEF for their support as well as to Joy Lawn from Save the Children for her comments. And special thanks to
Mengjia Liang from UNICEF for her assistance in preparing the report. Communications Development Incorporated provided overall design direction, editing and layout.

Copyright © 2011
by the United Nations Children’s Fund

Wednesday, 7 September 2011

UNESCO's Priorities for the XXI Century

Women and gender, science, engineering
and technology


"The gender dimension describes the way in which culturally organized differences between men and women interact with historically and socially diverse scientific and technological practices, and their meanings. Scientific and technological cultures and practices shape gendered social relations and, in turn, are shaped by them. Thus the S&T that each culture has are a consequence, in part, of local and global gender relations, and each cultureís gender relations are the effect, in part, of past local and global S&T changes"


World Science Report (UNESCO, 1996)



AFRICA      Back to top





ARAB STATES      Back to top
  • Info-Ethics
    National Symposium, Cairo (Egypt), 27-28 April 1999.
  • The Interaction  of Arab Women  with Science and Technology
    (Abu-Dhabi Declaration)
    Doha (United Arab Emirates), 24-26 April 1999.
    Les relations entre femmes arabes,sciences et technologies
    (Déclaration d'Abu Dhabi)
    Doha (Emirats arabes unis), 24-26 avril 1999.
  • Regional Conference for Arab Ministers of Higher Education and Scientific Research
    Riyad (Saudi Arabia), 19 April 1999.
  • Water and Desertification in the Arab Region
    First Arab Conference, Cairo (Egypt), 17-18 April 1999.
  • The Present Status of Scientific Research in the Arab Region
    Expert Group Meeting, Beirut (Lebanon), 14-15 March 1999.
  • Science and Technology Policies for the 21st Century
    STEMARN Regional Expert Group Meeting/Workshop,
    Beirut (Lebanon), 10-13 March 1999.
  • Attitudes autour des sciences
    Colloque, Tunis (Tunisie), 27-28 janvier 1998.
  • Third Arab Conference on Modern Biotechnology and Areas of Application in the Arab Countries
    Cairo (Egypt), 14-17 December 1998.
  • Science, Technology and Society
    Conference, Beirut (Lebanon), 26-28 November 1998.
  • The Public Understanding of Science
    International Conference for Scientific Editors,
    Sharm El-Sheikh, Sinai (Egypt) 9 June 1998.
  • Femmes, science et technologie: état des lieux et perspectives
    Colloque international, Tunis (Tunisie), 20-22 November 1997.






ASIA AND PACIFIC
    
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EUROPE AND NORTH-AMERICA
    
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LATIN AMERICA AND CARIBBEAN      Back to top