Wednesday, 14 December 2011

"Conserving Land, Protecting Water "

 

Comprehensive Assessment on Water Management in Agriculture

There is broad consensus on the need to improve water management and to invest in water for food as these are critical to meet The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The role of water in food and livelihood security is a major issue of concern in the context of continued environmental degradation and persistent poverty throughout the developing world. Although there is considerable knowledge on the issue, an overarching picture on the water-food-livelihoods-environment nexus is missing, leaving uncertainties about where to invest in order to address both human and environmental water needs.
The Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture (CA) is an innovative multi-institute process aimed at identifying existing knowledge and stimulating thought on ways to manage water resources to continue meeting the needs of both humans and ecosystems. The CA critically evaluates the benefits, costs, and impacts of the past 50 years of water development and challenges to water management currently facing communities. It assesses innovative solutions and explores consequences of potential investment and management decisions.

The CA is designed as a learning process, engaging networks of stakeholders to produce knowledge synthesis and methodologies. The main output of the CA is an Assessment report that aims to guide investment and management decisions in the near future considering their impact over the next 50 years in order to enhance food and environmental security to support the achievement of the MDGs.

The Assessment synthesis report is developed along the lines of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment reports, and has formal linkages with the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development. It differs in that it provides in-depth analysis of water and food issues that are inadequately addressed in other global exercises, and benefits from gap-filling research of its first project phase. In the first phase, over 30 projects were developed to fill knowledge gaps and a publications process was initiated to disseminate project results. The development of the Assessment report forms the second phase of the CA process.


Tropical Deltas and Coastal Zones : Food Production, Communities and Environment at the Land-water Interface

ed. C T Hoanh, B Szuster, K S Pheng, A Ismail, A Noble. CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2010
River Basin Trajectories : Societies, Environments and Development
 
Historically, land and water mangement within many coastal deltas has focused on the exclusion of saline water flows that move upstream from the coast. However, this approach fails to recognize the diversity of rural livelihoods and ecosystems in coastal deltaic areas, the environmental consequences of altering natural saline water flows and the emergence of new activities such as shrimp farming that require brackish water. Focusing on the developing contries of Asia, Africa and South America, chapters explore the diverse livelihoods of people in these areas, the impact of land-water management on environments, new techniques and methodologies and lessons learned in land and water management to solve the conflicts between agriculture, aquaculture and fisheries.

River Basin Trajectories : Societies, Environments and Development

ed. F Molle, and P Wester, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2009
River Basin Trajectories : Societies, Environments and Development
Using a variety of case studies, this book provides an overview of how societies have gradually developed their water resources and furthers our understanding of how such resources can be managed successfully or unsuccessfully. Discussing how and why particular options are selected, and why a particular course of events eventually prevails, the book stresses the importance of context and a multidisciplinary approach in moving towards sustainable and equitable development.

Rainfed Agriculture Unlocking the Potential

ed.  S Wani, J Röckstorm, and T Oweis , CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2008
Rainfed Agriculture Unlocking the Potential
This book is based on research undertaken by a team of leading scientists from 10 global organizations. Chapters consider the potential of rainfed agriculture on the basis of case studies for different regions in Asia and Africa with the aim to assess the need of water for achieving food security and reducing poverty. Yield gaps for major rainfed crops are analysed globally and possible ways and means including technological, social and institutional options to bridge the yield gaps are discussed in detail.

Conserving Land, Protecting Water

ed. D Bossio and K Geheb, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2008
Conserving Land, Protecting Water
The degradation of land and water resources as a result of agricultural activity has had an enormous impact on human societies and economies. It is predicted that, by 2025, most developing countries will face physical or economic water scarcity, compounded by land degradation. In order to alleviate this problem, an advanced understanding of the state of our water resources and the relationships between land use, water management and social systems is needed.

Community-Based Water Law and Water Resource Management Reform in Developing Countries

ed. B van Koppen, M Giordano,  and J Butterworth, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2007
Community-Based Water Law and Water Resource Management Reform in Developing Countries
The lack of sufficient access to clean water is a common problem faced by communities, efforts to alleviate poverty and gender inequality and improve economic growth in developing countries. While reforms have been implemented to manage water resources, these have taken little notice of how people use and manage their water and have had limited effect at the ground level. On the other hand, regulations developed within communities are livelihood-oriented and provide incentives for collective action but they can also be hierarchal, enforcing power and gender inequalities. This book shows how bringing together the strengths of community-based laws rooted in user participation and the formalized legal systems of the public sector, water management regimes will be more able to reach their goals.

Irrigation Water Pricing The Gap Between Theory and Practice

ed.  F Molle and J Berkoff , CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2007
Irrigation Water Pricing The Gap Between Theory and Practice
Much hope has been vested in pricing as a means of helping to regulate and rationalize water management, notably in the irrigation sector. The pricing of water has often been applied universally, using general and ideological policies, and not considering regional environmental and economic differences. Almost fifteen years after the emphasis laid at the Dublin and Rio conferences on treating water as an economic good, a comprehensive review of how such policies have helped manage water resources an irrigation use is necessary.

The Agricultural Groundwater Revolution: Opportunities and Threats to Development

ed. M Giordano and KG Villholth, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2007
This book focuses on addressing the issues of using groundwater in agriculture for irrigation in the developing world, this book discusses the problems associated with the degradation and overexploitation of using it. It explores the practiced and potential methods for its management in the context of agricultural development.

Environment and Livelihoods in Coastal Zones: Managing Agriculture - Fishery - Aquaculture Conflicts

ed. CT Hoanh, TP Tuong, JW Gowing and B Hardy, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2006
This book focuses on the challenges people face in managing agricultural crops, aquaculture, fisheries and related ecosystems in areas of coastal zones in the tropics of Asia, Africa, Australia and South America. Challenges arise from conflicts in the use of natural resources among different stakeholders. Through many case studies, the book discusses the nature of these conflicts and identifies what is known and not known about how to manage them.

Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement

ed. JW Kijne, R Barker, and D Molden, CABI Publication, Wallingford UK and Cambridge MA USA, 2003
In a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book give a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production.

Water-wise Rice Production

ed. BAM Bouman, H Hengsdijk, B Hardy, PS Bindraban, TP Tuong and JK Ladha International Rice Research Institute, 2002
book cover Proceedings from a thematic workshop on Water-Wise Rice Production held 8-11 April, 2002 at IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines. The workshop brought together scientists and irrigation system manager from several consortia and projects examining water scarcity in rice production.

Other Publications
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WATER FOR FOOD - WATER FOR LIFE

 

Water for Food, Water for Life:  A Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management is available

Placeholder for layout
The Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture critically evaluates the benefits, costs, and impacts of the past 50 years of water development, the water management challenges communities are facing today, and solutions people have developed. The results will enable better investment and management decisions in water and agriculture in the near future and over the next 50 years. The assessment is produced by a broad partnership of practitioners, researchers and policy makers.
Part I: Setting the Scene • Introduction • Conceptual Framework
Part II: Trends and Scenarios • Benefits, Costs and Challenges of Managing Water for Agriculture • Investment Options for the Future
Part III: Integrating Issues • Water for Food to Fight Poverty • Policy and Institutional Reform Processes for Sustainable Agricultural Water Management • Agriculture, Water and Ecosystems • Pathways to Improving Water Productivity
Part IV: Thematic Chapters • Managing Water in Rainfed Agriculture • Re-inventing Irrigation • Groundwater Use in Agriculture: A Global Assessment of Scale and Significance for Food, Livelihoods and Nature • Agricultural Use of Marginal-quality Water Resources Presents Opportunities and Challenges • Inland Fisheries, Aquaculture and Water Productivity • Integrating Water and Livestock Development • Rice: Feeding the Billions While Providing Unique Ecosystem Services • Conserving Land—Protecting Water • River Basin Development and Management • References, Index

Summary in English. Click here to download (PDF 5MB)
Summary in Arabic. Click here to download (PDF 1MB)
Summary in Russian. Click here to download (PDF 2MB)
Summary in Spanish. Click here to download (PDF4MB)
Summary in French. Click here to download (PDF4MB)

Download the chapters 


Asian Irrigation Forum

Asian Irrigation Forum


ASIAN IRRIGATION FORUM 2012 -Manila, Philippines : 11 April 2012 - 13 April 2012


Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture. 
 CA water for Food, Water for Life Briefs
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International Migrants Days Issues

18 December is International Migrants Day
Throughout human history, migration has been a courageous expression of the individual’s will to overcome adversity and to live a better life. Today, globalization, together with advances in communications and transportation, has greatly increased the number of people who have the desire and the capacity to move to other places.
This new era has created challenges and opportunities for societies throughout the world. It also has served to underscore the clear linkage between migration and development, as well as the opportunities it provides for co-development, that is, the concerted improvement of economic and social conditions at both origin and destination.

International migration today

International migrants numbered 191 million in 2005: 115 million lived in developed countries and 75 million in developing countries. Between 1990 and 2005, high-income countries as a whole registered the highest increase in the number of international migrants (41 million).
Three quarters of all migrants lived in just 28 countries in 2005, with one in every five migrants in the world living in the United States of America.
Migrants constitute at least 20 per cent of the population in 41 countries, 31 of which have less than a million inhabitants.
Female migrants constitute nearly half of all migrants worldwide, and they are more numerous than male migrants in developed countries.
Nearly 6 out of every 10 international migrants live in high-income economies, but these include 22 developing countries, including Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Kuwait, Qatar, the Republic of Korea, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and the United Arab Emirates.
About a third of the 191 million migrants in the world have moved from one developing country to another, and another third have moved from a developing country to a developed country. That is to say, “South-to-South” migrants are about as numerous as “South-to-North” Migrants with tertiary education constituted just under half of the increase in the number of international migrants aged 25 or over in OECD countries during the 1990s. Nearly 6 out of every 10 highly educated migrants living in OECD countries in 2000 came from developing countries.

Migration and development

The lure of a well-paid job in a wealthy country is a powerful driver of international migration. The attraction has intensified as income differentials among countries continue to grow. This holds true not only regarding the large and growing differentials between high and low-income countries, but also with regard to the more dynamic and the less dynamic developing countries.
Many advanced and dynamic economies need migrant workers to fill jobs that cannot be outsourced and that do not find local workers willing to take them at going wages. Population ageing also underlies this growing demand, as it gives rise to deficits of workers relative to dependants. And as younger generations become better educated, fewer in their ranks are content with low-paid and physically demanding jobs.
Migration may reduce wages or lead to higher unemployment among low-skilled workers in advanced economies, many of whom are themselves migrants who arrived in earlier waves. However, most migrants complement the skills of domestic workers instead of competing with them. By performing tasks that either would go undone or cost more, migrants allow citizens to perform other, more productive and better-paid jobs. They also maintain viable economic activities that, in their absence, would be outsourced. By enlarging the labour force and the pool of consumers and by contributing their entrepreneurial capacities, migrants boost economic growth in receiving countries.
At the point of origin, deeper poverty does not lead automatically to higher migration. The poorest people generally do not have the resources to bear the costs and risks of international migration. International migrants are usually drawn from middle-income households. However, when migrants establish themselves abroad, they help friends and relatives to follow and, in the process, the costs and risks of migration fall, making it possible for poorer people, though not for the poorest, to join the stream. Low-skilled migration has the largest potential to reduce the depth and severity of poverty in communities of origin.
Mounting evidence indicates that international migration is usually positive both for countries of origin and of destination. Its potential benefits are larger than the potential gains from freer international trade, particularly for developing countries.

The United Nations and Migrants

On 4 December 2000, the General Assembly, taking into account the large and increasing number of migrants in the world, proclaimed 18 December International Migrants Day (A/RES/55/93). On that day, in 1990, the Assembly adopted the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (A/RES/45/158).
Member States, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations are invited to observe International Migrants Day through the dissemination of information on the human rights and fundamental freedoms of migrants, and through the sharing of experiences and the design of actions to ensure their protection.
The 132 Member States that participated in the High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, conducted by the General Assembly on 14 and 15 September 2006, reaffirmed a number of key messages. First, they underscored that international migration was a growing phenomenon and that it could make a positive contribution to development in countries of origin and countries of destination provided it was supported by the right policies. Secondly, they emphasized that respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of all migrants was essential to reap the benefits of international migration. Thirdly, they recognized the importance of strengthening international cooperation on international migration bilaterally, regionally and globally.
Although the High-level Dialogue stressed that international migration could contribute to development, it recognized that international migration was not a substitute for development. All too often, migrants were compelled to seek employment abroad because of poverty, conflict or violations of human rights. Peace and security, good governance, the rule of law and the provision of decent work in countries of origin ensured that people migrated out of choice instead of necessity. International migration needed to be an integral part of the development agenda and should be part of national development strategies.
Following the High-level Dialogue, the Government of Belgium launched a process to establish the Global Forum on Migration and Development as a voluntary, non-binding and informal consultative process, led by and open to all States Members of the United Nations and observers. By providing a venue for Governments to address issues related to international migration and development in a systematic and comprehensive way, the Global Forum brings together Government expertise from all regions, promotes dialogue, cooperation and partnerships, and fosters practical and action-oriented outcomes at the national, regional and global levels.
Since the 2006 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, intergovernmental cooperation in the area of migration has increased markedly. Various regional intergovernmental groups and consultative processes have been focusing increasingly on the development dimensions of international migration, although they have done so in different ways and with different perspectives. The need to understand better the issues raised by international migration in relation to development, to exchange experience and know-how, and to build common positions has propelled more countries to join regional groups and some regional groups to cooperate with each other. It seems that the High-level Dialogue served as a catalyst to generate considerable activity in this area.
 
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Ensuring Migrants Health Essential to Addressing Health Inequities, Says IOM: International Migrants Day, 2011

Geneva, Switzerland - The lack of adequate access to health services for migrants in most countries is a worrying public health omission requiring urgent redress in a world increasingly dependent on human mobility, says IOM as it marks International Migrants Day today.

With more than one billion migrants worldwide, 214 million of them international migrants, every country in the world is either dependent on the labour, skills and knowledge migrants bring or on the estimated US$ 404 billion they remitted in 2011.

Yet one of the biggest challenges facing global health today is migration. Migrants are among the most affected by the lack of access to health services. Linguistic or cultural differences, a lack of affordable health services or health insurance, administrative hurdles, legal status and the fact that migrants often work extremely long and unsocial hours, are among their key barriers.

Undocumented migrants, often at risk from violence, exploitation, poor living and unsafe working conditions due to their irregular legal status, are the most vulnerable among the migrant groups. The fear of deportation also means irregular migrants don't seek health assistance unless it's an emergency or too late.
"There is an acceptance among States to address the health inequities among vulnerable communities in their countries. This acknowledgement needs to include migrants who unfortunately remain among the most discriminated and vulnerable group in today's society and who continue to be largely invisible on the global health agenda," says IOM Director General William Lacy Swing. 

Currently, only a very few countries in the world offer access to health services for all, including irregular migrants. Examples include Argentina, Brazil, France, Portugal and Spain.
Despite recent health crises such as SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the Avian influenza and the re-emergence of diseases such as tuberculosis underlining the urgent necessity of including migrants into health care systems, global progress on this issue is painfully slow.

A few positive steps forward in the migrant health debate include Resolution 61.17 of the 2008 World Health Assembly, which urges Members of the WHO to promote the health of migrants, the European Parliament's Resolution on Reducing Health Inequities in the EU in March 2011 and the Dhaka Declaration by Asian migrant origin countries in April this year calling for migrant inclusive health policies for their nationals in destination countries.

"Significant as these steps are, what's needed is for declarations and resolutions to turn into concrete, tangible action. And for more countries to join the list of those that do provide equal access to health services for all. To do so makes human, economic and social sense," Swing adds.

Restricting irregular migrants to only emergency care, says IOM, is not based on sound public health principles. Such restrictions lead to poor health outcomes for the individual and increases public health risks, particularly if it concerns infectious diseases. It is also ultimately more expensive than if migrants had access to preventive and primary health care.

Despite political and social sensitivities on migration, most governments have recognized that migrants are an economic necessity that countries cannot do without. But, IOM argues, migrants are above all human beings who should not be seen as mere commodities representing an economic value that are easily replaceable.
"Migrants have proved time and again their positive contribution to the development of societies and economies. Their exclusion from health services and policies is not only a denial of the basic human right to health but also a misguided pandering to public fears and perceptions of migrants as a burden on social services," states Director General Swing. "It is now time for countries to be bold, to take action and uphold a tenet they ascribe to – the right to health for all."

For additional information:
Jean-Philippe Chauzy
Tel: 41 22 717 9361
Mobile: 41 79 285 4366
E-mail : jpchauzy@iom.int
 
Jemini Pandya
Tel : 41 22 717 9486
Mobile : 41 79 217 33 74
E-mail : jpandya@iom.int
 
Jumbe Omari Jumbe
Tel: 41 22 717 9405
Mobile: 41 79 812 77 34
E-mail: jjumbe@iom.int
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WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2010

The Future of Migration: Building Capacities for Change

Resumen Descriptivo : La migración es un fenómeno constante y dinámico que exige una diversificación cada vez mayor de la intervención normativa con el fin de aprovechar al máximo sus posibles beneficios y reducir al mínimo los costos conexos para los países de origen y de destino, y para los propios migrantes. Es indispensable poseer mejores conocimientos y capacidades en diferentes esferas normativas para asegurar la protección de los migrantes, facilitar la migración legal, promover la integración de los migrantes en el país de destino, prestar apoyo para el retorno voluntario sostenible y promover una mayor vinculación entre la migración y el desarrollo.

La aplicación de esos mejores conocimientos en políticas y prácticas sobre el terreno sigue siendo una tarea difícil. Las capacidades de los Estados de todo el mundo en materia de gestión de la migración son limitadas. Puede que sea necesario actualizar o reestructurar los marcos jurídicos para que el centro de interés se desplace hacia nuevas esferas de la migración, o para gestionar las nuevas corrientes de entrada o de salida de migrantes; el personal que trabaja en primera línea puede necesitar equipo, formación y apoyo; la sociedad civil y los propios migrantes pueden no estar adecuadamente integrados en el proceso de recopilación de datos y de formulación y aplicación de políticas, y es preciso comprender y abordar mejor los factores de la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos para la salud inherentes al proceso migratorio.

La migración internacional probablemente tendrá otras características de escala, ámbito y complejidad, debido a las disparidades demográficas cada vez mayores, a los efectos del cambio ambiental, a la nueva dinámica de la política y la economía mundiales, a las revoluciones tecnológicas y las redes sociales. Esas transformaciones estarán asociadas a nuevas oportunidades, pero también exacerbarán los problemas existentes y crearán nuevas dificultades.

El Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2010 es una herramienta para la autoevaluación desde una perspectiva de futuro, y demuestra la necesidad de un enfoque más amplio de la creación de capacidad para la migración, que el que se ha adoptado hasta ahora. El objetivo no es prescribir políticas y prácticas que sean de aplicación a todo tipo de situaciones, sino proponer objetivos de políticas de gestión de la migración en cada esfera, estimular la reflexión y dar ejemplos de lo que pueden hacer los Estados y otros agentes.

La Parte A del informe se centra en la identificación de las capacidades básicas en esferas de fundamental importancia para la gestión de la migración, planteando conceptos clave y señalando importantes ejemplos de las prácticas que se aplican en esos ámbitos. La Parte B ofrece un panorama general de la migración en el mundo contemporáneo, tanto desde una perspectiva mundial como de seis capítulos regionales, elaborados sobre la base de los datos más recientes.

Índice

  • Grupo editorial de la OIM
  • Agradecimientos
  • Lista de documentos de antecedentes para el Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2010
  • Lista de seminarios entre organismos, en el marco del Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2010
  • Entrevistas sobre temas normativos organizadas por Eurasylum en el marco del Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2010
  • Lista de gráficos y mapas
  • Prefacio por el Director General de la OIM, William Lacy Swing
  • Creación de capacidades para el cambio
  •     Panorama mundial de la migración
  •     Creación de capacidad
  •     Movilidad laboral
  •     Migración irregular
  •     Migración y desarrollo
  •     Integración
  •     Cambio ambiental
  •     Gobernanza de la migración
  •     Próximos pasos
  • Panorama de las tendencias de la migracion internacional
  •     Introducción
  •     Panorama mundial de la migración
  •     Panorama regional de África
  •     Panorma regional de las Américas
  •     Panorama regional de Asia
  •     Panorama regional de Europa
  •     Panorama regional del Oriente Medio
  •     Panorama regional de Oceanía
  •     Anexo. Datos sobre migración: comparabilidad, calidad y limitaciones
  • Mapas
Número de páginas : 294
Formato : Tapa blanda
Tomo/Número : 5

Número de referencia: ISBN978-92-9068-590-6/ISSN1561-5
Language of Publication: Inglés
Año de publicación: 2010

World Migration Report 2010 - The Future of Migration: Building Capacities for Change
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WORLD MIGRATION REPORT 2011


 Communicating Effectively about Migration

Resumen Descriptivo: The recent global economic crisis has highlighted the resilience of migration and further confirmed that human mobility forms an integral part of our globalized world. Migration is one of the ways in which the exchange of talent, services, skills and a diversity of experience is achieved. Yet migration remains politically sensitive and governments face the difficult task of dispelling the misunderstandings surrounding it. Indeed, misinformation and misperception can trigger a vicious cycle which influences government policy, and in turn, perpetuates negative attitudes in mass media and the community at large. Policies and political discourse can therefore play a major role in shaping the image of migrants in home and host societies. Communicating effectively about migrants and migration policy to the wider public remains one of the biggest challenges governments in countries of origin and destination face.

The World Migration Report 2011 presents available evidence on public perceptions and attitudes regarding migration globally. It analyses the way in which they are shaped and how they can influence and be influenced by policy as well as the media. Furthermore, the media’s role in communicating opinions, reporting trends and framing migration discourse is analysed. Examples of good practice in communicating a positive and balanced image of migrants among government, civil society and the media are also included. Finally, the report suggests several ways to improve communication about migration in order to promote a better understanding and recognition of the benefits of migration, more evidence based policymaking and effective engagement with migrants themselves. These include: building an open, balanced and de-politicized migration discourse; promoting a new proactive debate rather than one reactive to the dominant discourse; directly addressing the publics’ issues of concern to avoid migrant scapegoating; collaborating with the media to support balanced and accurate media reporting based on available evidence; and acknowledging migrants as active communication agents who participate directly in the public debate about migration.

Part A of the World Migration Report 2011 addresses this year’s chosen theme: Communicating Effectively about Migration. It also analyses major migration trends in 2010/2011 offering an overview of developments in policy, legislation, international cooperation and dialogue on migration at the global and regional level.

In celebration of IOM’s 60th Anniversary, Part B reviews the evolution of IOM’s approach to migration management and the diversification of its programmatic activities since the end of the Cold War. It also presents a statistical overview of IOM’s programmes and projects over the last decade.

Índice

  • IOM Editorial Team
  • Acknowledgements
  • List of Figures, Tables, Maps and Textboxes
  • Foreword
  • Executive Summary
Part A
  • Chapter 1 - Communicating Effectively about Migration
    • Introduction
    • The Importance of Public Opinion about Migration
    • Public Opinion about Emigration and Return Migration
    • Public Opinion: Putting Survey Findings into Context
    • Politics and the Media: Role, Responsibility and Balance
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 2 - International Migration Annual Review 2010/2011
    • International Migration Trends
    • Global Policy Developments
    • Africa Regional Overview
    • Americas Regional Overview
    • Asia Regional Overview
    • Europe Regional Overview
    • Middle East Regional Overview
    • Oceania Regional Overview
    • Conclusion
    • References
Part B
  • Chapter 3 - The International Organization for Migration: Renewal and Growth since the end of the Cold War Introduction
    • The Evolution of IOM Since 1989
    • IOM and Global Migration Management: Responses to Global Trends
    • The Issue of Governance: An Emerging Policy Space
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • Chapter 4 - Statistical Overview of IOM’s Activities 2001–2010
    • Introduction
    • Movement
    • Migrant Assistance
    • Emergency Response To Humanitarian Crises and Post-Crisis Assistance
    • Capacity-building
    • IOM Publications
Número de páginas : 184
Formato : Softcover
Tomo/Número : 6 

Número de referencia: ISBN978-9290686194/ISSN1561-5502
Language of Publication: Inglés
Año de publicación: 2011
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AFGHANISTAN - Nato TV looks at how this minerals could transform the country's economy.

Pentagon Channel
Mining in Afghanistan

Rare minerals worth trillions of dollars can be found underneath the ground in Afghanistan. Nato TV looks at how this minerals could transform the country's economy.
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