Water is at the core of sustainable development.
This year’s observance of
World Water Day 2014 focuses on the links between water and energy.
Both are critical for eradicating poverty.
And they interact with each other in ways that can help – or
hinder – our efforts to build stable societies and lives of dignity for
all.
Climate change driven in great part by the unsustainable use of
energy will exacerbate water stress and scarcity in many regions.
Efforts to provide universal access to water and energy will be
undermined if the current warming trend continues.
The many strong links between water and energy demand coherent,
integrated policies and innovative strategies. Water must be used --
and electricity must be generated and distributed -- equitably and
efficiently, so all users get a fair share.
These are the goals of the ongoing work of UN-Water and of the
Sustainable Energy for All initiative. These issues are also crucially
important elements in our discussions on the post-2015 development
agenda.
On World Water Day, let us pledge to develop the policies needed
to ensure that sustainable water and energy are secured for the many
and not just the few.
Water is fundamental to life and is the
common denominator of all sustainable development challenges. We need
water to produce food and we need water to produce energy. Improving
access to freshwater is about enabling millions of girls to go to school
instead of walking kilometres to fetch water. It is about improving
maternal health, curbing child mortality and preserving the environment.
We need to better understand the complex interactions between
resources that are closely interlinked, such as water, food and energy.
And we must acknowledge that it is impossible to manage these resources
sustainably if we treat them in isolation. Each mode of energy
production has implications for the quantity and quality of water
available. The choices made in one sector have repercussions on the
other, for better and for worse. The World Water Development Report
released today confirms, for example, that people who lack electricity
are also those who lack water. This is no mere coincidence – water is
required to produce energy, and energy is required to sanitize and
convey water. Both are essential to human wellbeing and sustainable
development.
Sustainability depends on our ability to understand all these
connections and to develop more relevant policies that take an
integrated approach to interconnected resources. The challenge is all
the greater as the demand for water and energy is soaring, particularly
in emerging economies, where agriculture, industry and cities are
developing at a tremendous pace. We must find ways to ensure access to
water and energy in sufficient quantity and quality, in a sustainable
way.
Sustainability also requires better cooperation between all water
stakeholders – policymakers, scientists and businesses, both public and
private, who all too often ignore each other while in reality they
depend on each other. The International Year of Water Cooperation in
2013 set important milestones. The initiative on sanitation of Mr Jan
Eliasson, United Nations Deputy Secretary-General, also calls for
greater collective action for the better management of human waste and
wastewater. Poor sanitation has devastating consequences, particularly
for children, and the key to the problem includes energy.
There is enough water in the world for everyone. What we continue
to lack is better governance and the collective courage to craft fair
compromise solutions. These should be based on research results and
reliable data. UNESCO will continue to commit its resources to this
cause, in particular through our International Hydrological Programme,
the Institute for Water Education in Delft, our centres and Chairs
specialized in water, and the data from the World Water Assessment
Programme, which are all ways of building capacity, carrying out
research and sharing good practices. Together, we can better integrate
water and sanitation and the link between water and energy as positive
levers for sustainable development.
Irina Bokova
The energy and water sectors have different drivers behind
decision-making: energy planners are more focused on diversifying
sources of producing low-carbon energy, while water managers have to
satisfy a diversity of water users including the environment.
Cross-sector cooperation and coordination in policies and planning can
maximise the supply of one resource while minimising overuse of the
other.
Produced by the
Global Water Partnership, 2014
The global goal for water is supported
by a coherent, cohesive and mutually reinforcing set of targets that
will help countries reach the goal by 2030. To facilitate understanding
of the multiple functions water plays in society, the framework is
structured into five measurable and interconnected targets. The short
versions of these targets are below. Under each link, you will find
descriptions of each of the targets and more resource material.
° Target A: Achieve universal access to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene
° Target B: Improve by (x%) the sustainable use and development of water resources in all countries
° Target C: All countries strengthen equitable, participatory and accountable water governance
° Target D: Reduce wastewater pollution and improve water quality by
reducing untreated domestic and industrial wastewater by (x%);
increasing wastewater reused safely by (y%); and reducing nutrient
pollution by (z%) to maximize water resource availability and improve
water quality.
° Target E: Reduce mortality by (x%) and economic loss by (y%) from natural and human-induced water- related disasters